These events and the effects which persist to the present are often cited as the beginning of the modern era. The transfer of commodities, ideas, and people between the Old World and New World that followed his first voyage are known as the Columbian exchange. Columbus's strained relationship with the Crown of Castile and its colonial administrators in America led to his arrest and removal from Hispaniola in 1500, and later to protracted litigation over the privileges he and his heirs claimed were owed to them by the crown.Ĭolumbus's expeditions inaugurated a period of exploration, conquest, and colonization that lasted for centuries, thus bringing the Americas into the European sphere of influence. As a colonial governor, Columbus was accused by his contemporaries of significant brutality and removed from the post. The extent to which he was aware the Americas were a wholly separate landmass is uncertain he never clearly renounced his belief he had reached the Far East. He gave the name indios ("Indians") to the indigenous peoples he encountered. Many names he gave to geographical features, particularly islands, are still in use. Word of his voyage soon spread throughout Europe.Ĭolumbus made three further voyages to the Americas, exploring the Lesser Antilles in 1493, Trinidad and the northern coast of South America in 1498, and the east coast of Central America in 1502. Columbus returned to Castile in early 1493, with captured natives. He then visited the islands now known as Cuba and Hispaniola, establishing a colony in what is now Haiti. His landing place was an island in the Bahamas, known by its native inhabitants as Guanahani. Columbus left Castile in August 1492 with three ships and made landfall in the Americas on 12 October, ending the period of human habitation in the Americas now referred to as the pre-Columbian era. After the Granada War, and Columbus's persistent lobbying in multiple kingdoms, the Catholic Monarchs Queen Isabella I and King Ferdinand II agreed to sponsor a journey west. He developed a plan to seek a western sea passage to the East Indies, hoping to profit from the lucrative spice trade. Largely self-educated, Columbus was knowledgeable in geography, astronomy, and history. He later took a Castilian mistress, Beatriz Enríquez de Arana, who bore a son, Ferdinand. He married Portuguese noblewoman Filipa Moniz Perestrelo, who bore a son Diego, and was based in Lisbon for several years. Growing up on the coast of Liguria, he went to sea at a young age and travelled widely, as far north as the British Isles and as far south as what is now Ghana. The name Christopher Columbus is the anglicisation of the Latin Christophorus Columbus. His expeditions were the first known European contact with the Caribbean and Central and South America. Christopher Columbus ( / k ə ˈ l ʌ m b ə s/ between 25 August and 31 October 1451 – ) was an Italian explorer and navigator from the Republic of Genoa who completed four Spanish-based voyages across the Atlantic Ocean sponsored by the Catholic Monarchs, opening the way for the widespread European exploration and European colonization of the Americas.
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